Sources and Methods #11: Molly Crabapple

Molly Crabapple 101:

Molly’s website

"15 rules for creative success in the Internet age" - BoingBoing

 

Show Notes:

3:50 - I’d describe my work mainly as anti-authoritarianism.

5:02 - When I was an 11 year old, I would draw pictures of the cool kids so they wouldn’t beat me up - using art to curry favor, it’s the oldest artist trade.

7:02 - I’ve always drawn the world in front of me, and people always respond to that.

9:10 - Drawings can be as accurate as photos, and in some ways they can be more transparent than photos. Photos have a pretense of truth even though we all know they can be manipulated and photos lie. There’s this idea that if there’s something in a photo, it tells the truth. With drawings, the creator’s subjectivity is front and center.

9:44 - Molly’s writing on Occupy Wall Street on CNN

13:23 - I always say that artists are the most spoiled people on earth - we get to mash together all these genres and get away by saying ‘I’m an artist, dammit’ when people respond to it.

16:01 - Molly’s sketches from Guantanamo: The Faces of Guantanamo in The Daily Beast

23:09 - Photos lie in two ways: by taking a photo of one thing and saying it’s another, or else by taking photos out of context.

31:05 - I think that being able to draw, it gives you permission to look in a way that’s socially unacceptable in most places. When I draw and I’m staring, I realize I look like a creep, but I get to say it’s ok, I’m an artist?

31:26 - Drawing is: Physically reproducing reality.

32:26 - Biggest advice to artists: total stubbornness. Be incredibly true to your work. And look in a sharp way at people making money off of artists, or people on the business end of your field - and if there are popular beliefs that are exclusively to your detriment...examine them.

Artists Molly Follows:

Ganzeer

Waseem Al Marzouki

Photographer Clayton Cubitt

36:17 - Molly’s Tools:

In areas where time is of the essence, I use fat gray markers and tiny little micron pens to sketch things down fast fast fast - used this in guantanamo and also in courtroom drawings.

In locations where I have more time, I take iPhone photos, and then examine them later, and focus on the scenes or details in them that I want to bring out - this is how I did my work in Abu Dhabi.

Molly’s Books:

Fiction - A Naked Singularity by De La Pava

Non-Fiction - The Seasons of Trouble: Life Amid the Ruins of Sri Lanka’s Civil War by Rohini Mohan

Molly’s Film: Exit Through the Gift Shop

Molly’s Music: Mashrou’ Leila

Sources and Methods #10: Jason Lyall

 
 

Jason Lyall 101:

Personal Website (you can find links to all his research here)

Yale Professor Page

MISTI USAID Page

Jackson Institute at Yale

Institution Social and Policy Studies

Show Notes:

3:58 - I’m interested in the effectiveness of violence - when it works, whether it works - and what it does to the victims. And I’m interested in insurgents and how they react to violence, and how does it affect them? Do they ramp up their attacks, or scale down their attacks?

4:40 - Counter insurgency is not a new practice. But it’s often been approached in a fairly crude fashion. What we’re trying to do is bring some new literature to the table from spatial economics literature or survey literature and better understand it.

9:00 - Study looking at artillery fire that the Russians were lobbing more or less randomly into populated settlements. They were doing this as a way of trying to separate the people from the insurgency, showing people what the consequences of continued support for the insurgency would be. Most of our theoretical literature would say that indiscriminate violence is incredibly counter productive and would not be be effective - would generate new insurgents and new grievances - so you should see this uptick in violence. What’s interesting in the Russian case is that you don’t see that uptick. It actually seems to have decreased insurgent violence in the periods after the shelling. So it’s an outlier case... And I would say it is what has led to the dismantling of the insurgency in Chechnya.

12:12 - I think the way I would read that paper - we should not assume that violence has any one kind of effect. We should be looking for the different effects, and looking for the conditions of those effects.

14:30 - The metrics used in this research is really good for short term effects, but entirely different methods may be necessary to take the long term view and understand those effects. The field lab I run is trying to merge those two perspectives.

17:58 - We’re not good at trends, we’re not good at regional patterns, we’re not even good at generalizability inside the same case we’re studying - and these are problems.

22:00 - It is possible to get the data in difficult areas, but you have to be really really smart and careful. You can do it, but it takes a tremendous amount of time. And the risk of failure is incredibly high. In Afghanistan, I’ll typically have two or three projects going at the same time with the understanding that one of them will likely fail.

23:04 - If you adopt the right methodology, you can get more data than we ever thought possible.

26:22 - I have a love/hate relationship with the Asia Foundation. I know what they’re trying to do, but I have questions about how they’re doing it.

27:32 - The latest Asia Foundation Report here.

27:49 - Surveys for me are about mapping patterns down, rather than getting really deep insights into what a particular concept means.

29:00 - For local level questions or regional questions - I think these are a nice middle ground, using a mid-range methodology, where I can do lots of things but not everything - is the way to go.

29:35 - Smart polling should be a key part of our toolkit, but the thing that we usually lack is baseline data. By the time we start caring about a place, it’s too late to run baselines. So we’re forever behind, because we never know what was there before. So I’m a big proponent of using smart, tailored surveys. Specific questions. Specific areas.

30:54 - With that, these surveys just measure attitudes, not behavior. Important to remember that.

33:01 - In Afghanistan, I think we vastly underuse SMS as a tool.

36:40 - Explaining Support for Combatants during Wartime: A Survey Experiment in Afghanistan (co-authored by Lyall and includes the Endorsement polling technique). A primer on  the list technique in polling.

45:55 - Bombing to Lose? Airpower and the Dynamics of Violence in Counterinsurgency Wars, published in August 2014 by Lyall, found:

Evidence consistently indicates that airstrikes markedly increase insurgent attacks relative to non-bombed locations for at least 90 days after a strike.

We’d be hard pressed to find an example where an insurgency could be destroyed from an air - where air power alone has actually done this.

55:56 - I build project-specific infrastructure when I get to work. Sometimes I’m working with satellite imagery. Each project has it’s own methodology, research. A problem I’m having right now is that there’s too many platforms in play - we’re working to get everyone on the same

1:00:40 - Morning Routine:

  • I knock off around 2 or 3AM. The last thing I do is write a note to myself about what I should be focusing on the next day. If I don’t get centered quickly, I find that I lose the day, getting distracted by email, etc.

  • So that note shows me - which I keep with me - what I need to do, what I have to get through that day, it’s like my touchstone.

  • I set aside an hour or two every Friday about what I want to accomplish the following week, and these notes each morning help preserve my space to think.

  • It’s often a physical sticky - it tells me what I’m doing, and where I am in the master plan. Otherwise I write these things in Evernote.

1:04:22 - Also use:

  • RunKeeper, to remind myself to keep working out.

  • I’m a big fan of turning off my social media, letting it go dark. I use a software blocker often for up to a week at a time to keep me off of it.

Jason’s Book: The Peripheral by William Gibson. And The Book of Strange New Things by Michel Faber.  

Jason’s Film: Guardians of The Galaxy

Jason’s Song: Alt-J’s Taro

Sources and Methods #9: Rohini Mohan

 
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Rohini Mohan 101:

Author site / blog

Rohini on Twitter / Instagram

The Seasons of Trouble (amazon.com / goodreads / google books)

Book excerpt - "The Abduction"

Interview with Guernica magazine - "Prachanai" (Trouble) in Sri Lanka, Past and Present

Show Notes:

Section read can be found here: http://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/defeated

9:04 - Covering the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake was an awakening point for my journalism, when I realized there was an entire other world out there and I knew nothing about it.

11:21 - At the time (2004), it was 1,000 or 2,000 words tops, not longform - that idea that people will not read a long piece that has changed a lot since then. People will read it if it is well written and engaging.

12:44 - I was interested in Sri Lanka first, not necessarily a book. I was in NY at Columbia getting a MA degree, and I graduated in 2009 after it was over… extended interest in the effects of the conflict and also as the numbers started coming out... made me start thinking I had material to tell a larger story.

17:46 - The first thing to do was to write down the history, because I found it the hardest thing to explain to someone who might not know anything. The history is various, it’s not one, as conflict history is, and that’s what I felt most insecure about, so that’s what I started writing about. And then I had to decide how many people to write about, and what the structure of the story would be.

19:40 - I also started looking for gaps [in information] and trying to fill those gaps.

24:40 - In Sri Lanka, there’s no doubt that knowing the language was helpful in building trust. People are very when they know you know the language - not that it’s always inviting or welcoming, it can be more responsibility if you know the language. When people knew I knew Tamil, some people wanted ideological agreement [with what they were saying]. Some of the people wanted me to take sides.

31:15 [On routines for interviews] - I do as much reading up on the person - even people I’m meeting for drinks - as possible. It’s become a routine. If I’m meeting people in power, I do develop a list of questions (as well as how many ways I can ask the same thing) because I expect them to evade the questions. And one habit is to be quiet after the interview - I don’t feel the need to fill the silence. The person will usually go back to something they said earlier or ask me a question, and that gives me a small glimpse into their personality or what’s on their mind. The other routine is to end the interview and then begin it again. I mean, it’s always at the door that people say the most interesting things.

36:20 - The way [government] intimidation works is that they put as many barriers in front of you and it’s not clear until later what the consequences will be. They are almost waiting for you to break the rules. As a foreign journalist, you can be easily controlled through visas, so that was always on top of my mind.

41:40 - [On morning routines] As a journalist, I mainly just reacted to deadlines. But this was a longer project mainly just working for myself. The first thing I would do is turn off the wifi and try to read something. If I did anything else, it would kill the calm with which I wake up. So I would read something when I woke up, even if it wasn’t related to the book, that would put me in a calm place. Once I started understanding that the day was gone, it was gone. It’s mind games with yourself. I also went away, to a place where there would be no network, no friends you want to meet, just get work done and do nothing else. If I wasn’t doing anything else, I would just read. I always try to read in the morning. Have your coffee and read something.

45:46 - One trick that helped me finish the first draft of the book: think of the book as a collection of scenes. That helped a lot. Just go from scene to scene (of course you have to choose the right ones). And you can always move the scenes around. It helps because when you wake up, you can know that you’re going to write two scenes, which can help quantify your work in a way.

48:18 - I used Scrivener to write the book. But I did most of my planning by hand. I used flowcharts, which changed around a lot. I tried to intertwine stories with history.

52:02 - Single most useful tool for creating structure: creating flowcharts [by hand]. In the end, it was flowcharts I had written on long plain sheets and laid them all around me until I felt I was drowning in them.

56:30 - Editors were very helpful in the writing process. I studied UK English, consume all kinds of English, speak Indian English, and so when I wrote, it was a mix of everything. Editors help me fix that.

1:03:30 - [On writing] In the end, you are just left with a feeling, but there are so many parts to it. There’s the part where you just lose yourself, where it’s instrumentation, and there are parts where suddenly you hear the lyrics, and you wonder what the song is about, where this comes from. I thought about that whenever I started to get confused or wonder where to go in my writing. Also, I have these very real people who had spent so much time with me, telling me real things, taking risks - if I had to say one thing about writing it, it would be a sense of responsibility to those people.

1:05:34 - Influences on her writing, that helped as she structured her own book:

Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families by Anthony by J. Anthony Lukas

Half of a Yellow Sun by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Behind the Beautiful Forevers: Life, Death, and Hope in a Mumbai Undercity by Katherine Boo

I also tried to read as many non-Western books as possible, books set in places outside of those areas.

Picks of the Week:

Rohini’s Books:

Traitor by Shobasakthi (written about here in Granta as ‘one of the best untranslated writers.’)

A Case of Exploding Mangoes by Muhammad Hanif

Rohini’s Film:  Katiyabaaz (a documentary)

Rohini’s Song:  Ith Naheen by Sanam Marvi